b'ran contrary to the Metis ways but worse, while Dennissigning his name surreptitiously to the roster of newly electedimportant resolutions made in the seven Numbered Treaties himself sought out Louis Riel, who had assumed the mantlemembers of the Canadian parliament. Behind him he left athat were implemented between Canadian officials and of Metis leadership upon the death of his father in 1864, heCanadian Wild West, perhaps not as wild as the Americantribal leaders during that crucial decade between 1871was also negotiating with the leader of the "open borders",West was, with its tales of outlaws, Cowboy gunfights,and 1877.predominantly British Canadian settler movement, Dr. Johnongoing clashes between the red man and the white man, but Christian Schultz, who made no secret of his disdain forwild and perhaps even more untamed due to the vast landsTreaty One was signed on August 3, 1871, at Lower Fort the Metis and their claims of land ownership. One thing ledstill beyond the reach of settlement plus the lack of railroadGarry, Fort Alexander by Adams Archibald(Lieutenant to another and Riel stopped the first surveying team fromdevelopment. He also left a thoroughly dispirited MetisGovernor of Manitoba), Wemyss Simpson (Indian entering Metis territory saying words to the effect of \'this farpeople who were no longer owners of their own land, andCommissioner), the ChippewaTribe, the SwampyCree and no further\'. The first lieutenant governor MacDonaldthe desperate Canadian Indian tribes of the West, themselvesTribe, and all Indians inhabiting the district hereafter. sent out to administer the new territory was an unmitigatedhaving been decimated by American whiskey traders,First Nations receives limited reserve land and monetary pro-annexation, Metis-hating disaster named Thomassmallpox, prostitution, and the death of the buffalo. compensation, farming tools, and education. Canada McDougall who openly sided with and encouraged theobtains land rights, a promise of peace, law, and order, and British settlers to arm themselves and seize the land. EvenThe second reason was the ongoing slaughter and extinctionrestricted alcohol use on reserves.then conflict might have been avoided. Riel, named Presidentof the buffalo, plus the massacre of 30 peaceful Assiniboine of the Red River Settlers, had put in place an administrativeIndians by American wolfers and whiskey traders at a spotTreaty Two was signed on August 21, 1871, at Manitoba council and Ottawa despite the rantings of McDougalljust north of the border known as Cypress Hills. That finallyPost by Adams Archibald(Lieutenant Governor of seemed to have backed down. Then one of Schultz\'s chiefspurred MacDonald to call for the creation of a 300-manManitoba), Wemyss Simpson(Indian Commissioner), deputies, an Irish Protestant hothead named Thomas Scott,Canadian police force deployed at six scattered poststhe ChippewaTribe and all Indians inhabiting the district urged open rebellion against the Catholic Metis and thethroughout the Northwest territories to roam the plainshereafter. First Nations receives limited reserve land and forced acquisition of Metis land. Scott recklessly abused andand to protect the Indian. So the Royal Canadian Mountedmonetary compensation, farming tools, and education. threatened Riel. Himself enraged, Riel ordered Scott executedPolice, wearing those distinctive and very British scarletCanada obtains land rights, a promise of peace, law, and by firing squad on March 3, 1870, a little more than a yearuniforms and white helmets, policed the plains and initiallyorder, and restricted alcohol use on reserves.after Hudson\'s Bay ceded the territories to the new nation ofearned the trust and the respect of the tribes - most of them Canada, thus beginning the first Riel Rebellion. until the early 1880s. Treaty Three was signed on October 3, 1873, NorthwestAngle of the Lake of the Woods by Alexander Prime Minister MacDonald, by now thoroughly alarmed,To further gain the trust of the tribes, MacDonald alsoMorris(Lieutenant Governor), S.J. Dawson (Indian assembled a force of Canadian militia commanded by awisely concurred in the implementation of what becameCommissioner), the SaulteauxTribe of the OjibweIndians young British Colonel, Garnet Wolseley, which marchedknown as "The Numbered Treaties." These were treatiesand all Indians inhabiting the district hereafter. First west, crossed the Red River, and quelled the rebellion.that essentially guaranteed, in writing, the protectionNations receives limited reserve land, and monetary Wolseley successfully leading the troops in restoring orderof Indian rights, and what the government of Canadacompensation, farming tools, right to hunt and fish on to the Canadian Northwest at the beginning of what wouldwould promise the First Nation tribes in order to getsucceeded land except that already used by Canada for become a very distinguished career for the eventual Britishthem to turn over their land for settlement and railroadresource extraction or settlement, and schools on reserves. Field Marshal. development. Knowing that the days of the buffalo wereCanada obtains land rights, protection for land used for numbered it was also to get the tribes to convert to aresource extraction or settlement from indigenous hunting/With the first Riel Rebellion having been crushed, Louisfarm-based economy. The tribes would be promised foodfishing, and restricted alcohol use on reserves.Riel, himself was threatened with execution for the judicialdeliveries to tie them over as the transition from themurder of the rebellious Scott, so he fled to Montana wherehunt to the farm began in earnest.Treaty Four was signed on September 15, 1874, at Fort he would remain on-and-off for the next fourteen years, butQu\'Appelle, Fort Ellice, Swan Lake, Fort Pelly, Fort Walsh not before sneaking into Ottawa at the dead of night andFrom the Wikipedia article on the treaties comes the mostcontinued on page 32Drop By and Say Hi!I am located at 82 N. Valentine Street in Wickenburg, next door to Anitas CocinaCALL ME ABOUT SOME GREAT HORSE PROPERTIES I AM LISTING IN WICKENBURG!Shiara KirschRealtor (928) 231-3110shiara@shiarakirsch.com82 N. Valentine Street, Wickenburg, AZ 85390ArizonaRealCountry.com October 2019 31'