b'Autumn continued from page 45American Heritage Publishing Co. Inc. / Simon andOn August 17th, Wayne and his Legion, plus the Kentucky Schuster, New York, 1977, p. 122). militia cavalry under General Charles Scott (one of the very few militia officers who came out of both the Harmar "Not until George S. Patton rose to fame in World Warfiasco and the St. Clair disaster with honor intact) paused II would America have another battle leader quite liketo build two additional forts, one that would ensure supply Anthony Wayne. The two were cut from the same bolt ofcontinuity for the Americans as they were now sure they warrior fabric. Aggressive in war and fractious in peace;would be giving battle with the Indians practically with eager for battle but thoroughly conscientious in preparation;their backs against the seawall of the Great Lakes. They strict of discipline yet deeply caring of the soldiers\'named this first fortification "Defiance" after a comment welfare" (Palmer, 1794, p. 208). Yet when Presidentmade by Scott who exclaimed: "I defy the English, Indians, Washington chose him to replace the hapless St. Clair inand all the devils of hell to take it" (Fallen Timbers, the spring of 1792, many, including Wayne himself, felt heWikipedia entry). A second fort called "Deposit" was was all but washed up. At the time of St. Clair\'s massacre,constructed to keep an eye on the (by then) discouraged Pennsylvanian Anthony Wayne was a 44-year-old ex-careerBritish at their Fort Miami. Leaving part of his regulars soldier who was looking at a very uncertain future as abehind to garrison the new forts, Wayne and his men civilian, who, like Ulysses S. Grant in the future, had failedsettled in on the night of the 19th, having made final in almost every non-military endeavor he was involvedpreparations to do battle the next day.in. He had failed in land speculation, was being pursued by creditors, and while he had been elected to CongressWayne and his men had chosen the "anthill" where they representing Georgia, he was about to be removed fromwould either die on or proclaim total victory. Luckily that position when Washington, after careful deliberation,for the Americans, the third time was a charm under chose him to lead the first real U.S. Army to go into combatthe consummate leadership and training of the suffering - the 3,000 man Legion of the United States. WashingtonWayne, along with his well-disciplined army. At nine on the knew Wayne well, he knew of his reckless bravado inmorning of August 20, 1794, the battle of Fallen Timbers, so seeking battle, he knew of the terrible surprise at Paolinamed for the scores of fallen trees dotting the landscape, when Wayne\'s command, sleeping, had been surprised bycommenced in the humid heat of an Ohio-Indiana summer. bayonet-wielding British soldiers, and while casualties hadCaptain William Henry Harrison The force that Wayne bought with him, about 2,000 regulars thankfully been few, the cries of the bayoneted Americansand a 1,000 or so militia, outnumbered the warriors of the had haunted Wayne so that he would never be caught byIndian Confederation by about 1,500 or so - 2 to 1. That surprise again, that his men would be fully-trained (in boththe distrusted militia, the main core of the attack would behowever would not faze the Indian chiefs as they faced standard and Indian fighting) and quite alert even in themade by regulars, with militia cavalry acting in an ancillarysimilar odds when confronting Harmar. This time, however, dead of night or the dawn of morning. role, raiding the Indian villages from both the east and west.they would be facing an army ready and eager for battle.To ensure his men would be well-supplied along the route And this time Washington would not prod his generalWayne insisted on building a string of forts along the way.Wayne first sent the cavalry under Scott to outflank the into fighting a war if his men weren\'t ready for the task orThis took time and money. Wayne insisted this be doneIndian Confederation, and then he ordered his Kentucky if supplies were either unavailable or late on arrival. Heeven though he was faced with considerable Congressionalmilitiamen forward. Suddenly the militia froze and bolted wanted his army to be fully prepared, well-trained, well- disapproval and the jealousy and scheming of his ownas scores of Ottawa and Potawatomie braves surged equipped, and well-fed with spirits high before they soughtsecond-in-command Lieutenant Colonel James Wilkinson,forward. For a few brief agonizing moments, it looked the enemy. In the meantime, from a position of weaknesswho was destined to become one of the worst scoundrelslike a repetition of Harmar\'s debacle was in the making. that undoubtedly he detested, Washington sought peacein American History (he had been an agent of the SpanishAt least the scheming, disrespectful James Wilkinson had with the victorious tribes. Contemptuous of the Americans,government even as he commanded American troops). Addthought so. But Wayne had placed two sections of Army the Indians not only refused to negotiate but they had shotto that the incoherence of Secretary of War Knox\'s orders,Legionnaires on the exposed flanks, and as the panicked down Washington\'s emissaries. Furthermore, the newand even doubts from Washington himself. In the end, heKentuckians fled for the rear, the two sections of regulars British Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Gravesgot his way and by the time the army was ready to movefired volley after volley into the ranks of the massed Indians, Simcoe, also a veteran of the American Revolution, saw anout, they were fully prepared - Anthony Wayne saw to that. holding them off long enough for Wayne\'s main force opportunity to retain the border forts, including Detroit thatto bolster the line. Next, spotting the veteran Shawnee, had been such a bone of contention with the Americans. HeFALLEN TIMBERS Delaware, and Miami readying to move forward and smash not only encouraged an Indian nation in the Ohio Territory,Meticulous and careful, Wayne took his time moving north.his center, Wayne brought up his artillery and as the Indians but he also provided the Shawnee and the Miami withWhatever militia cavalry that had not been sent out onsurged, he had his artillerymen pour cannon fire straight arms, ammunition, and moral support, and began buildingraids were used as scouts, advancing ahead of the maininto the oncoming Indians. They broke, screaming as they British forts along the Great Lakes to protect the tribes.columns of men and shielding the Legion of the Unitedfled to the rear (Hogeland, Autumn of the Black Snake, pp. Simcoe knew of Anthony Wayne, as a young British officerStates from possible ambush. On Christmas Eve in 1793, his342-346; Palmer, 1794, PP. 258-259).commanding Loyalists he remembered fighting Wayne\'sarmy had arrived at the scene of his predecessor\'s terrible division in the 1778 battle of Monmouth, but he too didn\'tdefeat. Edward Butler, one of the two younger brothersWhen his aide galloped up to an excited Wayne, asking think much of Americans. Perhaps he should have. of Richard who had survived the St. Clair Massacre, waswhat new orders should be issued to the triumphant now the acting Inspector-General of Wayne\'s Legion of theinfantry, Wayne, who could barely contain himself from As the Americans vainly tried negotiation, Wayne recruitedUnited States. He sought out and found the giant oak treegalloping forward with his men, told the young captain, his army, choosing wisely and carefully, and he spent all ofand the remains of his brother\'s corpse. With Edward Butler"Charge the damn rascals with the bayonet!" A longer, more 1792 and most of 1793 training the life out of them. He hadpresent Wayne had his old subordinate buried with fullsanitized version had Wayne ordering - "Rouse the Indians known many of those who were either shamed or killed inmilitary honors, buried the skulls and skeletons of the dead,from their coverts at the point of the bayonet, and when the earlier expeditions. (He had served unhappily underand had a fort built over this site of defeat. He named it Fortupdeliver a close and well-directed fire on their backs, St. Clair; Josiah Harmar was a friend and Richard ButlerRecovery and then went into winter quarters. Then, uponfollowing by a brisk charge". That aside, that young captain had been one of Wayne\'s brigade commanders at his riskspring\'s arrival, Wayne, who himself had survived bouts ofwould confront one of Blue Jacket\'s young lieutenants all but decisive victory at Stony Point). He was adamantflu and gout, set his army in motion, moving northwards as17 years later near a river in Indiana called Tippecanoe. about not repeating the same mistakes his predecessorsspring turned into summer towards the Miami villages nearThe captain\'s name was William Henry Harrison and the experienced. Wayne had very little experience in fightingthe Great Lakes (near present-day Toledo) destroying as heShawnee brave was called Tecumseh. Both had fought at Indians but he was a student of military history, and he hadwent, depriving his enemies of shelter and foodstuffs. Fallen Timbers (Hogeland, Autumn of the Black Snake,studied the mistakes made by Harmar and St. Clair, the laxp. 347; Nelson and Vandiver, Fields of Glory, p.91). The discipline, the lack of adequate supplies, the dependency onLittle Turtle watched with trepidation as Wayne\'s army,Indians fled in terror in the face of the advancing infantry untrained, unruly militia that ultimately led to disaster andmuch more confident and assertive, struck the Miami andwith their bayonets gleaming in the sun, much to the he would have none of that before he set out. He eschewedShawnee towns with impunity. He had already renameddismay of their chiefs. Finally, Iroquois and Wyandot, along the bordello and saloon ridden atmosphere of Fort Pitt,Wayne the "Black Snake" who never sleeps (which ironicallywith the Loyalists dressed in Indian garb, tried to advance choosing for his training ground a built village further westhonored him, as one of the fiercest Shawnee chiefs wasout of the left flank, only to run straight onto another force in the forest. He carefully reviewed the plans of others, andalso named Black Snake), and in a notable turnaroundof Kentucky militiamen, who not only repulsed them but rejected them all, including one audacious plan that wouldurged his fellow chiefs that this was the time to seek peacemoved forward to outflank the Indian left.have involved landing troops from ships off Lake Erie - butwith the Americans. Encouraged by promises of support one that might have caused British military intervention. Hefrom British Governor Simcoe (that he had no intention ofAs "Mad" Anthony Wayne was shouting at his bayonet crafted his own instead, one that built on St. Clair\'s originalkeeping), and egged on by the Loyalists McKee and Girty.wielding infantry, "Give it to them, boys" (Hogeland, campaign plan of moving north from Fort WashingtonAt this point, Little Turtle, who now predicted an IndianAutumn of the Black Snake, p. 347). The Indian but "getting it right this time" (Hogeland, Autumn of thedefeat, was barely on speaking terms with his Shawneeconfederation broke and ran, much to the consternation Black Snake, p. 247). Gone would be the dependency oncolleague Blue Jacket. and dismay of those Loyalist agents, McKee, Girty, and 46 December 2020'