b'to start three orphan asylums. Mrs. Haighey never wore anecessary skills could make more as proofreaders as good silk dress or a pair of gloves in her life. She lived a life ofones were hard to find and demanded as much as $20 per total simplicity which enabled her to do many good deedsweek on some papers.for her fellow citizens. When she died, two governors and the mayor of New Orleans were her pallbearers, as werePhoto Tintingtwo leading editors. The archbishop himself conducted theBefore the advent of color film, all photos were tinted by hand. funeral services and when the procession passed the stockThe Cooper Institute of New York City taught this skill and exchange, the members stood with uncovered heads bowed. demand grew rapidly. Watercolors were used to tint the mat finished black and white photos with the same techniques Mrs. E. S. Chapman started out making large collars forapplied as a watercolor artist used. The work was tedious and children out of lace. These collars started a fad in childrenslaborious and the pay ranged from $10 to $12 per week.attire and the demand became so great she had to train other women in making the collars. Five years later, she hadPhoto colorists could set up their studios and take in work 800 employees making collars throughout New York state,or they could go work for a large studio with sufficient in New Jersey, and on Long Island. Her cottage industrybusiness to employ a full-time colorist. Those photo tinters allowed the women to work at their leisure out of theirwho set up their shops or worked from their homes and homes. She expanded her line from childrens collars tobuilt a good clientele for steady orders made more money cuffs, dresses, shams, curtains, coverlets, lace toilet covers,than those who worked for a studio. One demand for photo and other items easily made from lace. One wholesale housetinting came from those who wanted old daguerreotypes or took 75,000 collars alone in one year. tintypes reproduced and then tinted. Photography itself was also open to women. There were 950 women photographers Some women found success as inventors. Catherinein the U.S. in the early 1880s.Littlefield Greene, the widow of the famed Civil War general, invented the cotton gin. Eli Whitney of ConnecticutTelegraphywas boarding with Mrs. Greene in Georgia at the time andThe Western Union Telegraph Company in New York City it took his ingenuity to perfect Mrs. Greenes machine.had 120 women telegraph operators employed in 1882. The first machine had wooden teeth that did not workHundreds more worked in branch offices throughout the well. Whitney grew disgusted and wanted to abandon thecountry. To get into this field, a woman could attend the machine. Mrs. Greene suggested replacing the teeth withCooper Union Free School of Telegraphy in New York City wire. The machine enabled a single worker to clean threeor go to work as a messenger in the Western Union offices hundred pounds of cotton per day, instead of the previousand learn in her free time as she worked. A messenger was rate of one pound. Mrs. Greenes idea put Whitney in thepaid $15 to $25 per month but a telegraph operator from history books as the cotton gins inventor and made cotton$35 to $65.the staple of the South.The average salary for women operators was $40 per month The list of inventions by successful women, often with theirand for men operators $60. The difference in pay, according husbands holding the patent, is long. Among them are theto the company, was because a mans endurance was greater Burden horseshoe machine (which turned out a completethan a womans. There was an occupational hazard to the shoe every three seconds), the Manning reaping andjob of telegrapher. It was called the telegraph cramp. An mowing machine, the paper pail, the gimlet pointed screw,operator would stretch out their arm to press a finger on the a chain elevator, a screw-crank for steamships, a fire escape,telegraph key and their arm would refuse to obey. It would a spark arrestor for locomotives, a railroad crossing signal,just lie numb on the desk, refusing to place hand and finger a deep-sea telescope, the Eureka street sweeper, a machineon the key. Seven or eight of the 120 young women in the for making satchel-bottom paper bags, and a device thatNew York office had been subject to periodic attacks of this deadened the noise on the elevated railroads of New Yorkailment. Rest and exercise in the open air was the remedy.which earned Mrs. Mary Walton $50,000 outright and royalty for life. Good operators with five years or more of training and as much experience could often land a job on Wall Street with Typesetting shorter hours and higher pay.This is a field where the printers union blocked women from entering and their members from working in a composingElocutionroom headed by a woman. As a result, women foundThe demand came from the smaller towns and cities where typesetting jobs in non-union weeklies and a few big-citythere was no theater and from the larger cities where society dailies. The pay was about $10 per week. Women with thewomen wanted to hire readers for entertaining at theiron yT Pevents. Reading poems and prose was in such demand that it grew into a profession for manyehwomen. There were schools in Boston, New York, Detroit, and other large cities where the talent could be perfected. 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